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A factual and conscientious argument against materialism’s vehement denial of psi phenomena
• Explores the scandalous history of parapsychology since the scientific revolution of the 17th century
• Provides reproducible evidence from scientific research that telepathy, clairvoyance, precognition, and psychokinesis are real
• Shows that skepticism of psi phenomena is based more on a religion of materialism than on hard science
Reports of psychic abilities, such as telepathy, clairvoyance, precognition, and psychokinesis, date back to the beginning of recorded human history in all cultures. Documented, reproducible evidence exists that these abilities are real, yet the mainstream scientific community has vehemently denied the existence of psi phenomena for centuries. The battle over the reality of psi has carried on in scientific academies, courtrooms, scholarly journals, newspapers, and radio stations and has included scandals, wild accusations, ruined reputations, as well as bizarre characters on both sides of the debate. If true evidence exists, why then is the study of psi phenomena--parapsychology--so controversial? And why has the controversy lasted for centuries?
Exploring the scandalous history of parapsychology and citing decades of research, Chris Carter shows that, contrary to mainstream belief, replicable evidence of psi phenomena exists. The controversy over parapsychology continues not because ESP and other abilities cannot be verified but because their existence challenges deeply held worldviews more strongly rooted in religious and philosophical beliefs than in hard science. Carter reveals how the doctrine of materialism--in which nothing matters but matter--has become an infallible article of faith for many scientists and philosophers, much like the convictions of religious fundamentalists. Consequently, the possibility of psychic abilities cannot be tolerated because their existence would refute materialism and contradict a deeply ingrained ideology. By outlining the origin of this passionate debate, Carter calls on all open-minded individuals to disregard the church of skepticism and reach their own conclusions by looking at the vast body of evidence.
- Sales Rank: #822587 in Books
- Published on: 2012-02-22
- Released on: 2012-02-22
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.00" h x .60" w x 6.00" l, 1.06 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 320 pages
Review
“Chris Carter is a one-man wrecking crew for the time-worn, tedious, petulant, and often flimsy complaints of the die-hard skeptics. A science of consciousness is doomed to be incomplete without taking Carter’s keen insights into account.” (Larry Dossey, M.D., author of Healing Words and The Power of Premonitions)
“Carter confronts legitimate criticism with solid scientific evidence and deftly exposes the anti-science stand of the dogmatic skeptics. He makes a compelling case for taking the science of parapsychology seriously. . . . A must-read for anyone interested in the true state of this important debate.” (Richard Broughton, Ph.D., author of Parapsychology: The Controversial Science and senior lecturer in)
“The controversy surrounding psychic phenomena (psi) is both long and complicated. Chris Carter reviews the many elements of the controversy in great detail, but in a manner that is also readable and entertaining--a difficult feat. I found his explanation of quantum theories of psi, for example, exceptionally clear, and it resolved some confusion I had about these theories from reading other sources. Carter adheres strictly to valid scientific and philosophical principles in arguing for the reality of psi and the legitimacy of parapsychology as a science--no retreat into New Age metaphysical mumbo jumbo--and he doesn’t overstate his case. Any reader who can approach this controversial subject with an open mind will find Carter’s book immensely rewarding.” (John Palmer, Ph.D., editor of Journal of Parapsychology and coauthor of Foundations of Parapsycholog)
“I highly recommend this book to anyone who is truly open-minded about whether or not psychic abilities exist. Chris Carter takes the reader on an insightful journey that weaves together history, scientific data, modern physics, psychology, and philosophy of science. He convincingly shows that it’s now possible to replace belief-based opinion with solid science when discussing the possible reality of psychic phenomena.” (Jessica Utts, Ph.D., professor of statistics, University of California, Davis, and author of An Asse)
“Chris Carter has put together quite a treatise. In thoroughly readable, engaging, and clear prose, he provides an erudite and comprehensive review of the skeptical and scientific studies of events that don’t fit present paradigms. Despite having researched the subject extensively myself, I found a deep well of new information. Carter’s book is both scholarly and entertaining.” (Robert S. Bobrow, M.D., clinical associate professor of family medicine at Stony Brook University an)
“This book is a must have for any serious paranormal researcher and I would recommend it to anyone to open their eyes and learn about why the paranormal always seems to be getting such a bad wrap. It was an eye opener of education and wisdom and knowledge and I could easily read it again and again...” (Examiner.com)
“[Chris Carter's] review of the debate and its outcome makes for a fine, passionate survey recommended for science and new age holdings alike!” (Midwest Book Review, July 2012)
“Carter methodically and masterfully reveals that the skeptic’s position is increasingly untenable. . . . A refreshingly rational and well written investigation of the science of psi.” (Dean Radin, Ph.D., senior scientist at the Institute of Noetic Sciences)
“Chris Carter’s Science and Psychic Phenomena is a must read for anyone who wishes to penetrate the distortions and lies of the skeptics regarding psychic phenomena. Clearly written, and a pleasure to read!” (Neal Grossman, Ph.D., professor emeritus, University of Illinois at Chicago)
From the Back Cover
NEW SCIENCE / PARAPSYCHOLOGY
“Chris Carter is a one-man wrecking crew for the time-worn, tedious, petulant, and often flimsy complaints of the die-hard skeptics. A science of consciousness is doomed to be incomplete without taking Carter’s keen insights into account.”
--Larry Dossey, M.D., author of Healing Words and The Power of Premonitions
Reports of psychic abilities, such as telepathy, clairvoyance, precognition, and psychokinesis, date back to the beginning of recorded human history in all cultures. Documented, reproducible evidence exists that these abilities are real, yet the mainstream scientific community has vehemently denied the existence of psi phenomena for centuries. The battle over the reality of psi has carried on in scientific academies, courtrooms, scholarly journals, newspapers, and radio stations and has included scandals, wild accusations, ruined reputations, as well as bizarre characters on both sides of the debate. If true evidence exists, why then is the study of psi phenomena--parapsychology--so controversial? And why has the controversy lasted for centuries?
Exploring the scandalous history of parapsychology and citing decades of research, Chris Carter shows that, contrary to mainstream belief, replicable evidence of psi phenomena exists. The controversy over parapsychology continues not because ESP and other abilities cannot be verified but because their existence challenges deeply held worldviews more strongly rooted in religious and philosophical beliefs than in hard science. Carter reveals how the doctrine of materialism--in which nothing matters but matter--has become an infallible article of faith for many scientists and philosophers, much like the convictions of religious fundamentalists. Consequently, the possibility of psychic abilities cannot be tolerated because their existence would refute materialism and contradict a deeply ingrained ideology. By outlining the origin of this passionate debate, Carter calls on all open-minded individuals to disregard the church of skepticism and reach their own conclusions by looking at the vast body of evidence.
CHRIS CARTER received his undergraduate and master’s degrees from the University of Oxford. The author of Science and the Near-Death Experience, Carter is originally from Canada and currently teaches internationally.
About the Author
Chris Carter received his undergraduate and master’s degrees from the University of Oxford. The author of Science and the Near-Death Experience, Carter is originally from Canada and currently teaches internationally.
Most helpful customer reviews
55 of 68 people found the following review helpful.
Outstanding Proof of Psi and Debunking of Skeptics
By dcleve
Chris Carter, in Parapsychology and the Skeptics, treads the same ground that Damien Broderick did in Outside the Gates of Science. Both show convincingly that parapsychologic phenomena have been demonstrated, repeatedly and with statistical significance, using methodologies which have withstood the criticism of skeptics, over multiple decades. And that despite this convincing evidence, a skeptical community continues in a denial mode, contrary to reason and science. His goal is to demonstrate that the skeptics are ideologues, intent on defending a semi-religious worldview for irrational and non-scientific reasons.
The two use different clubs to make their points. Carter uses Gansfeld experiments, and Broderick uses remote viewing. But the approach and purpose of both books is nearly identical. Carter is the better writer of the two, and has produced the better book. Unlike Broderick, he makes his intent clear from the start, and provides more supporting evidence to bolster his argument.
Initially, carter takes the reader through the history of parapsychology, then discusses the experiments of J. B. Rhine, who moved the field into the laboratory. Rhine developed the methods still used today for statistical investigation of psi phenomenon. By 1940 ~1 million card guessing trials had been done using his card-guessing methods, with statistically significant results shown in 27 of the 33 published experiments.
Gansfeld experiments are a variation on the card-guessing process. Gansfeld uses photographs rather than cards, and puts the receiver in a sensory deprivation environment for 15-20 minutes while they free- associate, after which they pick which of four photos the sender was trying to "send". The first decade of Gansfeld experiments reported 28 studies at 10 different labs, with an overall success rate of 35% vs. the 25% of random results, from 1975-1985. A board member of the skeptical society CSICOP criticized the methodology of the tests, asserting the positive results were due to methodological errors. With a leading psi researcher, he then agreed to a set of changes in methodology that would satisfy his objections. Four laboratories then adopted an even more stringent computer controlled procedure, and by 1995 their 11 studies reported an overall success rate of 34%. Studies since 1995 have reverted to the simpler procedures endorsed by the CSICOP board member, and they continue to show an overall 34% success rate. So 3 decades of Gansfeld experiments have shown a nearly 10% higher success rate than chance, in experiments performed at over a dozen labs, and with results that have been independent of the stringency of the of the experimental protocols. This is decisive and convincing evidence, for anyone who actually believes in empiricism ...
Carter then goes on to discuss the skeptics. They form the only international political lobbying group seeking to shut down scientific investigation of a field. Their organization is called CSICOP (The Committee for the Scientific Investigation of the Paranormal), and their publication is The Skeptical Inquirer. While they bill their publication as the only outlet for scientific evaluation of paranormal claims, it is anything but scientific. Skeptic Elizabeth Mayer describes it this way:
Reading The Skeptical Inquirer was like reading a fundamentalist religious tract. I found the journal dismayingly snide, regularly punctuated by sarcasm, self-congratulation, and nastiness, all parading as reverence for true science.
And the society performs no investigation, at least not anymore. It only performed one. Shortly after its founding, the society did investigate the claims of a pair of astrologers that there was a Mars Effect of great athletes being more likely to be born with Mars rising or transiting. Of the 12 possible orbital positions, random results would put about 17% of births in these categories, but a survey of 2200 European champions showed 22% of them born at these times. CSICOP declared that these were just more likely times for all births, and that a comparison of non-champion births to the champions would show the effect just a spurious artifact. The Skeptical Inquirer said such a test would be a definitive test of the astrologers claim. The astrologers took CSICOP up on the challenge, and (to get good data) collected data from a dozen major European metropolitan centers on their birth times, and compared that to a 300 member subset of the athletes born in these metropolitan centers. The non-athlete data did show 17% born at those times, while the subset of athletes matched the overall 2200 set at 22%. They provided the data to CSICOP per the challenge. It took CSICOP 2 years to publish a reply. Rather than admit to the validity of the data provided, CSICOP arbitrarily discarded women athletes, and the men born in the Paris metropolitan area from the 300, and claimed the rest of the champions also were born at a 17% rate in those periods, so the effect was bogus. CSICOP engaged in a raising the bar fallacy, where a "definitive test" is only definitive until it is passed, then a further test is needed, and a classic case of data fudging, where one arbitrarily excludes subsets of one's own data until the results match a pre-chosen outcome. Irrationally, the 300 champion subset they then fudged was irrelevant to the astrologer's conclusions - their analysis was based on the full 2200 person data set, which CSICOP's data fudging was irrelevant to. Several of CSICOP's board members objected to this deceit and data fraud, and were expelled from the organization. But as a result of the scandal they revealed, CSICOP never conducted another investigation again. Engaging in data fraud in their sole investigation is not a particularly stellar record for a defender of science.
A very few members of the organization still do their own investigations, but their record is not much better than the organization itself. I reviewed the autobiography of Susan Blackmore myself. She is a former psi researcher who converted to skepticism, and is a member of the CSICOP board (fortunately for her reputation, well after the data fraud). In her autobiography she claims that her own negative results in her psi experiments were what convinced her to abandon it. But an analysis of her 21 published papers actually shows that 7 of them achieved the fairly high standard of a 95% confidence level of demonstrating a psi effect. The odds of random events producing this success rate accidentally are less than 1:20,000. This is actually a fairly typical rate for the psi research community, since achieving statistical significance generally take long and expensive tests to acquire enough data. A 33% success rate in demonstrating psi effects would not convince me that one had demonstrated psi was FALSE, but that is exactly what she says (although she does not report what her actual success rate was in these assertions). Blackmore has misrepresented her own work in her autobiography and in CSICOP literature for several decades. This is not QUITE as bad a data fraud ...
Richard Wiseman, a junior CSICOP member, has continued to conduct experiments since joining the organization. He was invited, by a researcher he critiqued, to reproduce a test of animal esp that he disputed. A pet dog would jump up on a bay window frame when its owner was out, generally within 5 minutes of the owner turning toward home. The experiment involved the owner returning at a randomly pre-set time, and the measure of interest was what percent of a 10 minute period the dog spent on the bay window. Graphs of the time show about 5% of the time on the window (the dog was active and moved around a lot) until the owner started home, after which it spent about 55% of the time on the window. Wiseman did four tests, and his video data showed the same result. BUT HE DECLARED THE TEST SHOWED NO EFFECT! He reached this conclusion by looking only at the FIRST time the dog got on the window, and declaring the test a failure if it was before the owner headed home. This is the same sort of deceit used against the astrologers - raising the bar as to what a success consists of, then data manipulation until one finds a set of data (or in this case a measure of effect) that confirms one's pre-selected position. Deceit and data fraud strikes again.
James Randi was in on the original CSICOP data fraud, so we already know he is willing to lie about data, but here are two more examples of his deceit. Both were inspired by the same dog experiment that revealed Wiseman's fraud. In 2000 in Dog World he was quoted as saying "We at the James Randi Educational Foundation have tested these claims (of canine ESP). They fail." When demanded to provide these test results, he wrote (in private correspondence, never making a retraction in Dog's World) that the tests were not done at JREF, but were "years ago" and "informal" and involved two dogs belonging to a friend, and all records were lost. In a TV interview Randi also declared that "viewing the entire tape, we see the dog responded to every car that drove by, and every person that walked by." This is untrue, and Randi has since admitted he has never seen the tape. Randi will simply lie if the truth does not support his worldview.
This dog test brought out the worst in all the CSICOP members it seems, since Blackmore also spread falsehoods about it, declaring incorrectly that the dog increased its time on the window the longer the owner was out.
So what motivates the skeptics to deny evidence, fudge data, and repeatedly lie? Carter sprinkles throughout his book assertions by skeptics that psi is "in contradiction to all of science", and this is basically what they clam their motive is. But it is NOT in contradiction to science, as he shows by quotes from Carl Sagan, Albert Einstein, and Karl Popper on how empiricism does not prejudge data or effects (Sagan's example of Continental Drift was particularly pertinent - it was ridiculed as impossible for decades). He also cites surveys of actual scientists showing that the majority consider psi possible. So if contradiction to SCIENCE is not the problem, what DOES motivate this political pressure group of deceivers? It appears to be dogmatic belief in materialism, and the fear that psi phenomenon, if accepted by the public, will encourage belief in spiritual dualism. To prevent this catastrophe, they apparently believe all their fraud and deceptions are justified.
7 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
Assessing the validity of psychic investigations
By Dr. H. A. Jones
Science and Psychic Phenomena: The fall of the house of skeptics, by Chris Carter, Inner Traditions, Rochester, Vermont, 2007, 320 ff.
This book gives us a rational assessment of the cases for and against the existence of psychic phenomena, and the evidence presented by those who reject their existence. There are many books presenting the empirical evidence that events involving telepathy, clairvoyance, spiritual healing and visions of the afterlife really exist, and that these are not simply the results of fraud or delusion - see Tymn, van Lommel, Moody, Playfair, and many others. There are also those authors who seem to have an emotional predisposition to disbelieve and therefore either ignore, distort or misinterpret evidence to support their case that all psychic events are fantasy. Books by Victor Stenger and Daniel Dennett fall into this group.
Chris Carter was born in Canada but completed his undergraduate and postgraduate degrees at the University of Oxford. He gives us here a rational assessment of the empirical evidence for continuing discarnate existence and its statistical interpretation, and especially a critique of those who dismiss such evidence. A little knowledge of the use of statistical probability (`p') values is an advantage. He examines the early attempts to study telepathy and psychokinesis and finds that the majority of those investigators, who included eminent scientists of the day, found the evidence persuasive. He critically examines the work of the well-known contemporary skeptics Susan Blackmore and Richard Wiseman, and finds it wanting in rigour or honesty. Indeed, little research has ever been carried out by those who disbelieve in psychic phenomena.
Carter suggests that the `research' conducted by that emphatic disbeliever, magician James Randi, is so flawed it should simply be ignored. Skepticism is keeping an open mind until evidence persuades you of a conclusion, one way or another. But these people are outright unbelievers and no amount of evidence is ever going to persuade them that psychic phenomena exist.
Skeptics such as Sharon Begley, who dismiss psychic events because they do not conform to pre-20th century physics, are simply not aware of the developments in quantum science with which psychic events are entirely compatible. Carter elaborates on this in the next chapter.
This is the best book I have read taking apart the cases advanced by the so-called skeptics and showing why they are ill-founded. There are 38 pages of Notes and Bibliography at the end of the book which concludes with an effective Index.
Howard Jones is the author of Evolution of Consciousness
19 of 23 people found the following review helpful.
The undead house of skeptics just faded way
By Steve Trueblue
Once upon a time there was a secular humanist who spent much time practising self worship as they always do. With the name of Paul Kurz he published Prometheus books which championed diverse sexual perversions, like pedophilia and zoophilia as a funtime that everyone should enjoy. But sales were not good, and in an extended session of self adoration, the secular humanist Paul Kurz decided it was the peasants many thought crimes, their superstitions, like pondering higher callings, morals, religion, holy books, God, the meaning of life, that were holding back the sales of his sexual perversion books. He hit upon the idea of an organisation, a public lobby group, to be called CSICOP, which could easily scientifically discredit dangerous superstitions, like astrology for example, which could set the peasants free from their intellectual blindness, on the path toward self righteous sexual perversionism, as a revolutionary new scientific Age of Reason , and his naughty book sales would skyrocket.
The first great battle, of his own choosing, on his own battle ground, with his own weapon of choice, statistics, he set out to utterly discredit astrology. It would be a cinch, he thought. But instead he suffered a stunning defeat at the hands of astrology ! Some french astrologer knew more about statistics than "scientific" Paul Kurz ! Mars effect was established for elite athletes. This is where Chris Carters book begins. Fall of the House of Skeptics. He records how it fell, seriously wounded in its first public battle and desperately tried to cover up this embarrassment. The book details how a whistleblower made public the criminal nature of the house of skeptics.
And that first major traumatic reversal caused these pseudoskeptic secular humanists to renounce real science as just too scary and spend the next 40 yrs simply making a propaganda war on all things intangible that the peasants subscribed to, that stopped them buying perversionism books.
Chris Carter then documents how CSICOP heaped derogatory rhetoric on particular PSI scientists for decades in a fashion that curiously resembles malicious stalking. Parapsychology is the only science that is faced with this self appointed vigilante opposition. Which has had, (LOL) the opposite effect on parapsychology. From Chris Carters excellent account, the skeptics rhetorical objections have all been incorporated into experimental safeguards and Telepathy is unambiguously proven. Chris Carter discusses the proof for telepathy and precognition in some depth, providing numerous references, from leading light scientists.
And the forever undead Susan Blackmore reveals her sad affliction- that she is beyond that critical dullness point so that she cannot perceive her own incompetence, like, apparently, all the others in the house of skeptics. Psychologists, academic bottom feeders, just cant do any other course at uni, their grades are too low. Even Richard Wiseman is revealed as not knowing maths and science, as his work is corrected by the remedial maths teacher Dean Radin so that even Wiseman unwittingly, and quite accidentally proves the existence of Telepathy.
Chris Carter also explains how telepathy and precognition actually fit in comfortably with modern science, entire chapters devoted to this. Useful reference book is this.
If you want to see overrall the House of Skeptics atrocious behaviour toward science and society generally, laid bare, read this book. The skeptics crashed badly in their first operation, went from bad to worse as the decades went by, have been left behind and utterly irrelevant by the scientific method, while the "superstitious" peasants happily carry on doing their usual telephone telepathy, and precognition, now scientifically proven. I thought Chris was just too polite and too kind describing the delinquent behaviour of pseudoskeptics. He is such a balanced presenter. Such a gentleman. Quite a few little unexpected gems I found in this delightful book. Like Charles Darwin having a strong interest in mediums. Thanks Chris, for a most enoyable read. Your book is a landmark work. kimbo99 on youtube.
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